SCRIPTURAE PRIMUM ET SOLUM
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Is he the last king?
(Daniel 8:23-25)
The prophecy of Daniel announced, 200 years before his advent, the reign of Alexander the Great
FOREWORD
This title, with a question, shows that the examination of this prophecy will be done by a meticulous examination of the events that will follow his second enthronement. History is made up of two main groups of events, those that have long-term effects and those that have only anecdotal value. Bible prophecy, especially Daniel's, relates primarily to historical events with long-term effects. This is why the historical-prophetic biblical narrative is often very stripped down or simplified. For example, in the prophecy mentioned below (Daniel 8:8,21,22), regarding the advent of Alexander the Great, there is no mention of his succession from one of his sons, but rather the fact that four of his generals have divided all of his conquests. In absolute terms, “Philip III, his mentally deficient half-brother, and Alexander IV, his posthumous son, are proclaimed Kings of Macedonia”, but as the same article mentions, these reigns were only “fictitious”.
Regarding the advent of the “last king” mentioned in Daniel (8:23-25), the events that took place for four years after the temporary succession of the outgoing “king” seemed, at first time, to go against the explanations given below. It was therefore appropriate to take a step back and wait some time (four years) to see the whole turn of events. The predecessor “king” mentioned in the article had not acknowledged his “defeat”. The outgoing “king” did not at all look like the description in Daniel 8:23, unlike the one who has just been re-elected. In the wait (of four years) for a major event that finally occurred, the biblical article, below, concerning the “last king”, had remained unchanged. The “last king” mentioned in Daniel 8:23-25, must appear shortly before the “great tribulation” (Daniel 12:1). It will be appropriate to observe his behavior to see if his actions will continue to be in line with the description of Daniel 8:23-25… Of course, the careful observation of this prophecy will be done in parallel with that of the end of the prophecy of the king of the north and the king of the south, focusing on the events in the Middle East (Daniel 11:40-12:1). There will also be, simultaneously, the observation of the prophecy of Gog of Magog (Ezekiel chapters 38 and 39), as well as other prophecies…
"Then the male goat exalted itself exceedingly, but as soon as it became mighty, the great horn was broken; then four conspicuous horns came up instead of the one, toward the four winds of the heavens. (...) The hairy male goat stands for the king of Greece; and the great horn that was between its eyes stands for the first king. As for the horn that was broken, so that four stood up instead of it, there are four kingdoms from his nation that will stand up, but not with his power"
(Daniel 8:8,21,22)
The writing of the book of Daniel was completed around 536 BCE. Alexander the Great was born in 356 BCE. In 336 BCE, he began his reign. He died very young, in 323 BCE: "the great horn was broken". The prophecy suggests that none of his sons would inherit his kingdom. He had two sons: Alexandre Aigos and Héraclès. The two sons were murdered and therefore did not succeed their father. According to the prophecy, after the death of Alexander the great, the whole of the territories conquered by him were divided into four, between 4 of his generals: Seleucus Nicator taking Mesopotamia and Syria; Cassander, Macedonia and Greece; Ptolemy Lagus, Egypt and Palestine; and Lysimachus, Thrace and Asia Minor: "As for the horn that was broken, so that four stood up instead of it, there are four kingdoms from his nation that will stand up, but not with his power".
The particularity of the prophecy of Daniel chapter 8 is that it describes the succession of world powers by designating two kings who have marked the History: Two hundred years before his advent, it announced the arrival of Alexander the Great, who Hellenized the world (8: 8,21). And this Hellenization has an impact until today by what is designated (by historians) as late antiquity "Greco-Roman". This same prophecy announced (indirectly) that none of the sons of Alexander the Great would inherit his kingdom, but would be divided in four parts (Daniel 8:8,22). And indeed, after the premature death at 32 years (broken horn) of Alexander the Great, the kingdom has been divided among four of his generals. However, the particularity of the prophecy of Daniel chapter 8, is that it describes the face and the general behavior of the last king of the last world power, coming from this Hellenistic world power, who will face the Heavenly King Jeus Christ during the Great Tribulation to come.
The prophecy of Daniel announced, more than 2500 years before the advent of the last king of the last world power, by the description of the physical expression of his face and his general behavior
THE FACE OF THE LAST KING
“And in the final part of their kingdom, as the transgressors act to a completion, a hard-faced looking king who understands ambiguous sayings will stand up”
(Daniel 8:23)
It is not over...
“a fierce-looking king” (New World Translation (2013) ; NIV ; NIVUK ; NLT ; WEB ; YLT)
“He Will Be Stern” (Common English Bible (CEB) ; GW and NOG “Stern-looking” ; TLV)
“fierce countenance” (KJ21 ; ASV ; AMPC ; BRG Bible ; GNV ; LEB ; MEV)
“king will arise Insolent” (Amplified Bible ; HCSB ; ISV ; NASB)
“An arrogant king” (Complete Jewish Bible (CJB) ; JUB)
“king who is dangerous” (Contemporary English Version (CEV))
“bold countenance” (Darby Translation (DARBY) ; ESV ; ESVUK ; NRSV)
“a king of a shameless face” (Douay-Rheims 1899 American Edition (DRA))
“a cruel king” (Easy-to-Read Version (ERV))
“bold and cruel [fierce/stern-faced] king” (Expanded Bible (EXB) ; NCV)
“a stubborn, vicious, and deceitful king” (Good News Translation (GNT))
“a bold and cruel” (International Children’s Bible (ICB))
“an angry king” (Living Bible (TLB))
“A king will show up, hard-faced” (The Message (MSG))
“a king, impudent” (New American Bible (Revised Edition) (NABRE))
“a rash king” (New English Translation (NET))
“a scary-looking face” (New International Reader's Version (NIRV))
“A king (…) Having fierce features” (New King James Version (NKJV))
“This king will be very proud” (New Life Version (NLV))
“a melech of unyielding countenance” (Orthodox Jewish Bible (OJB))
“a king shall rise (up) unshamefast in face” (Wycliffe Bible (WYC))
“ defiance written across his face” (The Voice (VOICE))
The expression translated in the New World Translation of the Bible according “fierce-looking face”, “fierce” comes from the transliterated Hebrew word ‘az.
And according the Strong’s Concordance (H5794), The Biblical Usage (of ‘az) is “strong, vehement, harsh” and the King James Version Translates As “fierce, greedy, mighty, power, roughly, strong”. Word Origin (Etymology) ‘âzaz : The Biblical Usage : “to be stout” (literally or figuratively). King James Version Translates As Harden, impudent, prevail, strengthen (self), be strong.
We can see that among the translations of the Bible, two groups of translations of the Hebrew word (‘az) :
The first group of translation took the literal sense of ‘az, that is, according the Strong’s Concordance: “strong, vehement, harsh”: And in that meaning’s translation we have, among the biblical translations in English (above):
“fierce-looking, fierce, fierce features, stern, dangerous, cruel, angry, hard-faced, scary-looking, unyielding countenance”.
The second group of translation took more in account the etymology of the Hebrew word ‘az that is “to be sout (in figurative sense)” or others expressions in connection with this general meaning that is : “impudent”. And in that meaning’s translation we have, among the biblical translations in English (above):
“Insolent, arrogant, bold, stubborn, impudent, rash, very proud, unshame”.
And there is a little third group of translators which took both sense of the Hebrew word “az”:
“bold and cruel [fierce/stern-faced] king” (Expanded Bible (EXB) ; NCV)
“a bold and cruel” (International Children’s Bible (ICB))
The purpose of this Bible’s translation seems to be, to give an “expanding” understanding of the Hebrew word ‘az (the first sense and the Word Origin’s meaning). These two biblical translations show that it is important to do the right choice in the translation, to have a true idea of his face: has the face of the last king a fierce-looking or an arrogant-looking”? Both expressions are different; the direct context of the expression is giving the right way of the translation of this expression: First what it is written regarding his behavior in the same verse 23, after the brief description of the looking of his face.
THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE LAST KING
He will not stop there...
“understands ambiguous sayings” (New World Translation (2013))
“understanding dark sentences” (21st Century King James Version (KJ21) ; ASV ; BRG ; DRA ; GNV ; WEB).
“skilled in intrigue and cunning” (Amplified Bible (AMP))
“understanding dark trickery and craftiness” (Amplified Bible, Classic Edition (AMPC))
“a master of deception” (Common English Bible (CEB))
“skilled in intrigue” (Complete Jewish Bible (CJB) ; HCSB ; MEV ; NABRE ; NASB ; NRSV)
“cannot be trusted” (Contemporary English Version (CEV))
“understanding riddles” (Darby Translation (DARBY) ; ESV ; RSV)
“will be very tricky” (Easy-to-Read Version (ERV))
“king who ·tells lies” (Expanded Bible (EXB))
“king who understands mysterious things” (GOD’S WORD Translation (GW))
“vicious, and deceitful king” (Good News Translation (GNT))
“This king will tell lies” (International Children’s Bible (ICB) ; NCV)
“proficient at deception” (International Standard Version (ISV))
“expert in enigmas” (Jubilee Bible 2000 (JUB))
“skilled in riddles” (Lexham English Bible (LEB))
“great shrewdness and intelligence.” (Living Bible (TLB))
“a master trickster” (The Message (MSG))
“king who understands mysterious things” (Names of God Bible (NOG))
“deceitful king” (New English Translation (NET))
“He will be a master at making clever plans” (New International Reader's Version (NIRV))
“a master of intrigue” (New International Version (NIV) ; NLT ; TLV)
“Who understands sinister schemes” (New King James Version (NKJV))
“will understand secret things” (New Life Version (NLV))
“mastering intrigues” (Orthodox Jewish Bible (OJB))
“expert in riddles and ruses” (The Voice (VOICE))
“understanding propositions, either reasons set forth” (Wycliffe Bible (WYC))
“understanding hidden things” (Young's Literal Translation (YLT))
In this more than 40 translations of the Bible, there is also, two great groups of tendencies of translation: The first group has made a literal translation of the Hebrew Word (transliterated) “chîydâh”: this king can understand, ambiguous sayings, dark sentences, riddles, mysterious things, enigmas. Effectively according the Hebrew’s Strong Dictionary, the Hebrew word (transliterated)’s definition of “chîydâh”: a puzzle, conundrum, sententious maxim.
The second group of biblical translation made a figurative translation of Daniel 8:23, according the prophetic description of this last king as: skilled in intrigue and cunning, trickery and craftiness, deception, intrigue and so on… These “interpretative” translations presents this expression of understanding the riddles, sentencious maxim (“chîydâh”), as "a trick” (according the Strong Dictionary): master of intrigue, someone who has insight in hidden situations. Also two French translations of the Bible, from the Hebrew text, translate in the same way of description “expert into the guiles” (versé dans les ruses (traduction juive de Samuel Cahen, 1831)), “expert in tricks” (expert en astuces (Traduction du rabbinat (Zadoc Kahn, 1902). In that case, these Jewish translations, translate the Hebrew word “chîydâh” by the french words (translated in English) “guiles, tricks”.
So, the general looking-face and behavior is this: An impudent, arrogant and fierce-looking king who is at the same time expert in tricks (Daniel 8:23. Bible). Is this general description of this special last king in harmony with the direct context of the prophecy of Daniel? Yes it is, for example en Daniel 7:20, according the big horn (king of United States of America), it is written that it has “a mouth speaking arrogantly”. The same great aspect of this Last King, he is an arrogant king.
Skilled in intrigue and cunning
It can be said that this aspect of the prophecy has largely been fulfilled. This king has had to face several plots aimed at removing him from office, through accusations of collusion with a foreign power. There have been numerous complaints filed against him in an attempt to discredit him. He has even been the subject of two assassination attempts, including one by gunshot, which injured his right ear (causing the death of a person in the audience and the shooter). In any case, all of these proven plots against his person, with the aim of harming him, or even making him disappear, have failed. As Daniel's prophecy mentions, the resilience of this king lies both in his great ability to foil plots and the fact that he is described (prophetically) as being cunning. The fact that he has twice reached the highest political office in the United States, despite the many plots against him, in fact reveals his expert side in foiling them by cunning.
And his power must become mighty, but not by his own power
It is also written in Daniel's prophecy that he will be powerful, but not by his own strength alone. We can say that the last elections gave him full powers that do not depend on his will alone. Out of a total of 538 electors, he obtained 312 votes, which is a real electoral tidal wave. In addition, his party has the majority in the Senate and the House of Representatives, which means that he now has this political power to decide everything, which in the past (during his first term) exceeded his own strength of will. The rest of Daniel's prophecy reveals things that are not very reassuring and that must be fulfilled before the great tribulation...
A Mightly Last King Causing Ruin
"And his power must become mighty, but not by his own power. And in a wonderful way he will cause ruin, and he will certainly prove successful and do effectively. And he will actually bring mighty ones to ruin, also the people made up of the holy ones. And according to his insight he will also certainly cause deception to succeed in his hand. And in his heart he will put on great airs, and during a freedom from care he will bring many to ruin"
(Daniel 8:24,25)
This aspect of the prophecy cannot be said to have been fulfilled in his first term. Unlike his predecessors, he did not launch major military expeditions around the world, causing hundreds of thousands of deaths, mostly civilians. However, it seems that according to Daniel’s prophecy, his second term should prove to be much more destructive. He will succeed in everything he undertakes by attacking powerful people, both inside and outside of his country.
The last king will quickly show who he really is. He is described as having a great power of destruction that does not come from him, but is placed at his disposal. The last king will use this extraordinary power of destruction to cause even more havoc. But where exactly? We must examine another passage of the same prophecy of Daniel to find out. Indeed, in Daniel chapter 11, it is written: "But reports out of the east and out of the north will disturb him, and he will go out in a great rage to annihilate and to devote many to destruction. And he will plant his royal tents between the grand sea and the holy mountain of Decoration; and he will come all the way to his end, and there will be no helper for him" (Daniel 11:44,45).
The destructive actions of the king of the South, who invaded the land of Decoration in 1948, are discussed, supporting the creation of the state of Israel (verse 41). This king of the South is represented by the United States, which vassal is the nation of Israel. The destructive actions of the last king, mentioned in Daniel (8:24,25), are to be compared with the narrative of the actions of the king of the South, in the Middle East, in Daniel (11:44,45). Moreover, what is written in Daniel 8:25 seems quite similar to what is written in Daniel 11:44,45: "He will bring many to ruin. And against the Prince of princes he will stand up, but it will be without hand that he will be broken. (…) And he will go out in a great rage to annihilate and to devote many to destruction. (…) And he will come all the way to his end, and there will be no helper for him". Thus, the foreign policy of the last king should support without reserve, the military actions of Israel in the Middle East, which are currently taking place in the Gaza Strip, as well as in the north, in Lebanon, Syria and against the nations of the East.
In Daniel (11:45) it is written: "And he will plant his royal tents between the grand sea and the holy mountain of Decoration; and he will come all the way to his end, and there will be no helper for him". "The grand Sea" is the Mediterranean Sea. "The Holy Mountain of the Decoration" is where Jerusalem ((Old City (East Jerusalem)) is located, particularly in its eastern part, where Mount Zion is). The Decoration is Israel, present-day Palestine.
It is possible that the fulfillment of this biblical prophecy took place on May 14, 2018, during the inauguration of the "royal tents" of the king of the south, the American embassy in Israel, located very exactly at the foot of the "holy mountain of Decoration" and between the "grand sea" ((South/south west of Mount Zion (Old City (East Jerusalem)), between the Karyat Moriah neighborhood (See Genesis 22:2 (Moriah), 14 (Jehovah Yireh)), to the east and the Arnona neighborhood to the west (direction "grand sea")). It is in West Jerusalem (which did not exist when Daniel's prophecy was written). Therefore, being slightly outside the Old City, the "Royal Tents" are between the "Old City" of Jerusalem (East Jerusalem) and the "Grand Sea", the Mediterranean Sea)).
He will bring to ruin the people made up of the Holy Ones
Who are the Holy Ones?
The Only Ones are people, men or women, whom God sets apart to do or continue to do His will. He will set them apart, with the favorable judgment of His Son Jesus Christ, for everlasting life, either in heaven or on earth (Ezekiel chapter 9; Matthew 25:31-46).
There are currently, shortly before the great tribulation, humans, men or women, who constitute the remnant of the 144,000 who will join Christ in heaven. This remnant, just before the great tribulation, will be 7,000 people, men or women, according to the book of Apocalypse chapter 11: "After the three and a half days, spirit of life from God entered into them, and they stood on their feet, and great fear fell upon those who saw them. And they heard a loud voice from heaven say to them: “Come up here.” And they went up into heaven in the cloud, and their enemies saw them. In that hour there was a great earthquake, and a tenth of the city fell; and 7,000 persons were killed by the earthquake, and the rest became frightened and gave glory to the God of heaven" (Apocalypse 11:11-13).
The tenth of the city represents the future heavenly priestly class of the 144,000 (as whole group) (Revelation 5:9,10). The fall of the tenth of the city, representing the death of the 144,000 as the whole group (followed by their heavenly resurrection), wich will automatically cause the death, followed by a heavenly resurrection of the remnant of 7,000, shortly before the great tribulation: "Because the Lord himself will descend from heaven with a commanding call, with an archangel’s voice and with God’s trumpet, and those who are dead in union with Christ will rise first. Afterward we the living who are surviving will, together with them, be caught away in clouds to meet the Lord in the air; and thus we will always be with the Lord" (1 Thessalonians 4:16,17).
It is written in the narrative of Apocalypse chapter 11: "The rest became frightened and gave glory to the God of heaven" (Apocalypse 11:13). The city as a whole (including its tenth), represents the people of God, the people of the Holy Ones (either heavenly or earthly). This "rest" of the city represents the great crowd of humans who will come out of the great tribulation: "After this I saw, and look! a great crowd, which no man was able to number, out of all nations and tribes and peoples and tongues, standing before the throne and before the Lamb, dressed in white robes; and there were palm branches in their hands. (…) So right away I said to him: “My lord, you are the one who knows.” And he said to me: “These are the ones who come out of the great tribulation, and they have washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb"” (Apocalypse 7:9-17). It is God and his Son Jesus Christ who judge who are the Holy Ones, set apart for everlasting life (Romans 14:12). This group of Holy Ones constitutes a people that God protects and will continue to protect through His Son Jesus Christ: "During that time Michael will stand up, the great prince who is standing in behalf of your people. And there will occur a time of distress such as has not occurred since there came to be a nation until that time. And during that time your people will escape, everyone who is found written down in the book" (Daniel 12:1).
The Attack against the Holy Ones
The last king will attack the “Holy Ones” whether heavenly or earthly, in a position of approval before God (Acts 11:26). How will this king effectively attack the people of the Holy Ones in order to “ruin” them? First, he will find “legal” pretexts to seize Intelligence Agency, such as the FBI or other federal agencies, the police, the military, the courts, and judges, in order to "frame trouble by decree" (Psalms 94:20). This is what the court officials of the king of Medes in Babylon did in the past to Daniel, a faithful servant of Jehovah God (Daniel 6:4). In his case, “they could find no grounds for accusation or anything corrupt, for he was trustworthy and no negligence or corruption could be found in him". The continuation of the story in chapter 6 describes how they "framed trouble by decree", in order to be able to cause the death of the prophet Daniel. Nevertheless, God miraculously protected him. It will be the same for the people of the Holy Ones, shortly before the great tribulation (Daniel 12:1; Matthew 24:22).
Unfortunately, nowadays, this last king, contrary to the moral integrity of the prophet Daniel, will have no trouble finding legal pretexts to attack the headquarters of some religious authorities, called "Christian", which are in the United States. Some of them are organized into very closed communities, or into multinationals with assets of several hundred million, even billions of dollars. The latter, with their international ramifications, govern autocratically over the Holy Ones, who very often, in all sincerity, trust them blindly. The last king could first of all, concerning some religious communities, note illegal actions. For example, the mismanagement of thousands of cases of abuse against children, by these religious multinationals, some of which operate like states within states (see the Australian Royal Commission of Inquiry (2013-2017) and the New Zealand Commission of Inquiry (2024)). Or will it be a question of findings of financial misdeeds. Or maybe the finding of widespread psychological abuse such as the numerous cases of shunning (by threat of social ostracism) (or indirect intimidation of members wanting to evade their governance), which have led many people to serious depression and suicide.
Is there any precedent in the past, concerning a legal procedure against an autocratic religious group, in the United States? Yes, of course, these were two extremist religious groups, armed to the teeth. Although these two dramatic facts could seem caricatured because Christian religious groups are generally peaceful, it will rather be a question of seeing, what were the methods to eradicate these two religious’ groups in the United States.
These two events concern two extremist "Christian" groups, organized in very closed communities, a sect in the full sense of the term. The Protestant sect Peoples Temple, of Jim Jones, in the city of Jonestown, Guyana, which resulted in the largest mass suicide of the 20th century, causing the death of 900 people. What caused this disastrous headlong rush of this sect? In the summer of 1977, when his community had just undergone a tax audit, Jones and the 1000 members of the Peoples Temple moved to Guyana near Port Kaituma.
On November 15, 1978, Leo Ryan, a member of the United States House of Representatives, has been sent to investigate the community following complaints from relatives of members of the Peoples Temple about living conditions that were potentially in violation of human rights, particularly because the village was allegedly being run as a disciplinary camp. Leo Ryan was accompanied by reporters from NBC and the Time and a cameraman. After three days of investigation, as he was about to leave, some members of the community tried to flee with them. This is what led to the start of the mass killing. Leo Ryan, the NBC reporter, a cameraman and a photographer were killed, along with hundreds of other victims.
What lesson can be learned from this tragedy? First, the United States sent a member of the House of Representatives to conduct a parliamentary investigation on the scene. The conclusion is that the misfortune came about through the bad behavior of a religious leader who behaved like a true despot, on all Christians, many of whom were probably sincere. This behavior naturally attracted the attention of the American State, which indirectly (probably unintentionally) caused the self-destruction of this religious community.
The second example is a similar situation: David Koresh and the Waco Branch Davidian sect. Once again, he was a "Christian" teacher, ruling autocratically over his small Christian community. In his case, it was the United States Federal Police (ATF) and later the FBI which began investigating David Koresh's actions. On February 28, 1993, the federal agents showed up at the community's residence with a search warrant. There was a real siege of the residence with gunfire, in order to dislodge the members from their residence. It lasted 51 days and ended with an absolutely disastrous general assault causing a fire, the cause of which is still unclear; the death toll from the tragedy was 82, including David Koresh, 23 children, and four Special Agents Overview. This second example is quite similar to that of the Jim Jones sect, the illegal actions of the headquarter of the Christian community, which provoked judicial and military actions by the United States government in order to eradicate this religious community.
Currently, some American religious corporations, with their billions of dollars in assets spread all over the world, and their armies of lawyers, feel invincible and behave arrogantly by ruling with an iron fist over thousands of congregations of sincere Christians who blindly trust them. Daniel’s prophecy mentions that the last king will devastate the people of the Holy Ones, under the rule of these American religious multinationals. Daniel’s prophecy does not mention that God or his Son Jesus Christ will prevent this devastation caused by this last king.
Since these multinationals, these religious corporations are hyper centralized (in the United States), it is possible that he will attack the head of these organizations (their headquarters offices), by dissolving these American executive juntas... Let us wait and see what will happen... If on the United States side the sky should darken even more for the Holy Ones, it will be the same on the side of the northern sunrising. The last king will not hesitate to be part of the global coalition of Gog of Magog (the prophecy of Ezekiel chapters 38 and 39). It is interesting to note the very cordial diplomatic relationship towards one of the most important prince of the kingdom of Japheth, in the immense country "from the remotest parts of the north" (let the reader use discernment (Matthew 24:15)) (Ezekiel 38:6). Which means that this coalition against the Holy Ones will have no difficulty in being carried out, shortly before the great tribulation, both in the East and in the West of the globe...
Against The Prince Of Princes He Will Stand Up
“And against the Prince of princes he will stand up, but it will be without hand that he will be broken”
(Daniel 8:25)
Verse 25 seems to be a repetition of verse 24. So, when it is written (at the end of verse 25) that the last king will stand up against the Prince of princes, that means (according to the end of verse 24), when he will want to exterminate the people of the "holy ones", he "will stand up against the Prince of princes". Besides, in a parallel prophecy of Daniel 12:1, regarding the time of the great tribulation, it is written this: "During that time Michael will stand up, the great prince who is standing in behalf of your people" (Daniel 12: 1). In the time when the last king will stand up against the Prince of princes, Michael, the Prince of princes, the King Jesus Christ, will stand up, in behalf of the holy ones, the People of God: "He will be broken without human hand" (Daniel 8:25).